The Big Secret of ACT Science Its More Reading Than Science

The Big Secret of ACT Science It's More Reading Than Science SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For what reason is the ACT Science area so scary?When I took it the first occasion when, it was quick paced, had a ton of troublesome science terms, and appeared to be testing. I think manystudents have a comparative encounter in light of the fact that the ACT Science segment is not normal for some other test you've taken, and is so unique in relation to the PSAT and SAT. In any case, there's a basic mystery to ACT Science - you really don't have to think a lot about science to progress admirably. Rather, you should have the option to rehearse basic thinking great - this is the central reason for ACT Science! In this article, I'll attempt to make the ACT Science segment less strange. Ideally, before the finish of this article, you'll comprehend that any understudy can get a 36 on the ACT Science area - regardless of what grades you got in your science classes. Do You Need High-Level Science Knowledge to Succeed on ACT Science? While you would figure the area would test significant level science information, there is next to no genuine science information fundamental, just around 4 inquiries out of 40 depend on outside science information. Rather, you have to have perusing abilities to prevail on the ACT Science area. Huh? Be that as it may, I can't peruse. Outlandish, I know, yet the ACT Science segment deliberately centers around essential abilities. Consider the rationale. The ACT is an across the country test, directed to over a million understudies each year.Every understudy takes various degrees of science. Some take AP/IB level tests. Others don't satisfy the secondary school necessities for fundamental science courses. Consequently, it wouldn’t be reasonable for the ACTto test AP or IB level Physics, Biology, Chemistry, or Environmental Science information since few peoplein secondary school cantake the entirety of that science at the propelled level. Consequently, ACT Science should be a level playing field, across the country. So what does it really test? What Reading Skills Does the ACT Science Section Test? I'll talk about the major basic perusing aptitudes required for ACT Science. When you comprehend these, you'll see why you'll have the option to exceed expectations on ACT Science, regardless of what your evaluations were in your science classes. Perusing Skill Type #1: Reading Visuals for Scientific Data Mostquestions test your capacity to comprehend logical information by understanding charts, outlines, and different visuals, (for example, graphs and scatterplots). To make the test testing, ACT, Inc.,tests these fundamental aptitudes of perusing visuals in novel manners, utilizing unusual diagrams that you've never observed, for example, this one beneath: Indeed, this is a genuine ACT Science segment chart. A large portion of the inquiries on the ACT Science area can be replied by simply perusing the visuals.Using just the chart above, take care of this issue: Despite the fact that the diagram gives a wide range of pieces ofinformation, overlook the entirety of the extrainformationand simply center around what the inquiry is asking.Does S rely upon recurrence? Names are very important.I can discover the diagrams of S by taking a gander at the highest point of the chart and seeing where S is marked. At all of the various estimations of S, S is diagramed as a vertical line. As recurrence builds (which occurs along the y-pivot), the S is unaltered (stays consistent). Consequently, the appropriate response is J. Learn aboutthe 3 kinds of ACT Science Passages for more data about this methodology. Perusing Skill Type #2: Skimming For the inquiries you can’t answer utilizing the visuals, you'll have the option to answer them by perusing the entry. The main inquiries you won't have the option to reply with visuals or the section are the 4 past information addresses that I mentionedearlier. The ACT Science area attempts to make the entry progressively troublesome by tossing in huge logical terms.Don't fear them. The ACTtypically either explainswhat the words mean, orit isn't important to comprehend what the words intend to respond to the inquiry. The entry beneath has enormous terms like corrosive base titration and nitrazine, yet we will effectively tackle an inquiry from the section. With just 35 minutes to respond to 40 inquiries (52.5 seconds per question), you can't bear to sit around idly perusing the whole entry. I suggest going straightforwardly tothe questions. Attempt to address the inquiries first by understanding visuals. At that point, in case you're truly stuck, attempt to skim the section to respond to the inquiry. In the event that you don't care for this procedure, you can begin by skimming the section and afterward responding to questions, however you don't have the advantage of relaxed perusing the whole entry. Look at the entry and question beneath: To the appropriate response this inquiry, you have to begin by taking a gander at Figure 2 for Experiment 2. Make certain to take a gander at the correct information, ensure you are taking a gander at Experiment 2 Figure 2, not Experiment 1 Figure 1. Else, you could wind up with an inappropriate answer. At 0.2 mL of titrant included, the shading was yellow. At 1.8 mL of titrant included, the shading was blue, so you can dispose of B and D. In any case, you don’t comprehend what the distinction among yellow and blue methods as far as pH, so you have to skim.You just need this sentence from the finish of the prologue to locate the last answer. Along these lines, as per the entry, blue methods more prominent pH than yellow, so the appropriate response is A. You would now be able to perceive how skimming can rapidly lead you to the right answer, however is skimming consistently the best way to deal with responding to ACT Science questions? Special case to Skimming Rule The main special case to the skimming rule is on the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage. (See our article on the 3 sorts of ACT Science Passages for a top to bottom rundown of Conflicting Viewpoints Passages).There is just 1 Conflicting Viewpoint Passage for every test (out of an aggregate of 7 Science passages).This section has no visuals, just words. You have to peruse the whole entry. You have to make sense of how the two researchers, understudies, or hypotheses contrast in conclusion. In the wake of perusing this section, you ought to have the option to observe that Scientist 1 thinks the article was a comet while Scientist 2 thinks the item was a space rock. To respond to address 12, you more likely than not read the whole entry, includingthe introduction.If you read the presentation, you realize it says the item was somewhere in the range of 10 and 100 m in width. On the off chance that comets are a lot bigger than 100 m in width, at that point the article couldn't have been a comet. That would debilitate Scientist 1’s contention that the item was a comet.So, the appropriate response is G. Be that as it may, the central matter, once more, is this - you don't have to know anything about the science basic this section. You have to peruse adequately and utilize basic thinking. Side note: the presentations in ACT Science sections regularly hold pieces of gold in light of the fact that the ACT Science test creators acknowledge most understudies are probably going to skip it. Try not to pass up a great opportunity! Clashing Viewpoints Passages test your perusing cognizance capacity, fundamentally the same as the entries in the Reading section.Be sure to give close consideration when perusing Conflicting Viewpoints passages.So, in the event that you were blowing a gasket about ACT Science, cool off. You can get a C in Biology and still excel on ACT Science. In any case, that doesn't mean you don't need to try sincerely and practice. How Do You Improve These Reading Skills To Do Well on ACT Science? Proposal #1: Reading Science Journals and Articles Since the ACT Science Passages are comparative, it'll surrender you a leg since you'll as of now be comfortable with perusing this sort of passage.You'll be increasingly acquainted with the logical strategy and taking a gander at logical information. I suggest Science Daily. Itis a free science news source, and the articles are exceptionally straightforward. Look at this article abouta study onpeanut hypersensitivities. I suggest perusing their articles just as the first diary article (which they connect to at the base of their articles). While Science Daily doesn't utilize numerous visuals on their site, the diary articles regularly have novel charts and visuals. For example, this one from the nut sensitivity study: When perusing the Science Daily articles, you ought to ask yourself inquiries as a test. Specifically, go through these inquiries: What is the primary concern of the test? What was the speculation? How were the tests expected to approve the theory? When taking a gander at the visuals in the related diary articles, what is being portrayed? This is the way logical examination works, and this is the thing that ACT Science anticipates that you should have the option to disentangle. Recommendation #2: Do Well in Your Science Classes While your classes will probably be more testing than the real ACT science segment, they'll additionally assist you with getting progressively acquainted with the logical technique and taking a gander at logical information. Audit ACT Science while you take science classes. The more essential science terms you know, the simpler the ACT Science segment will be and the quicker you will have the option to respond to questions. Recommendation #3: Practice As I said previously, the Science segment is progressively about understanding diagrams and tables,so you have to penetrate this skill.Also, the Science is one of the most time delicate areas of the test.With just 5 minutes for each section and under 1 moment for every inquiry, regardless of how well you comprehend the material, you need practice.Find great investigation material. Look at these suggested books.Check out PrepScholar’s program.PrepScholar separates each area into the abilities you have to ace, at that point gives you concentrated practice on every aptitude. Along these lines you deal with your shortcomings, regardless of whether that is deciphering information or understanding the reason for tests. What's Next? I trust understanding this presents to you a major murmur of alleviation. You DON'T need to be a science master to excel on ACT Science. In any case, you DO need to know precisely how ACT Science tests you, and you have to realize how to practice to exceed expectations at it. Learnthe 3 sorts of ACT Science entries, the main real science you have to know for the ACT Science segment, what's tried on ACT Science, andthe most ideal approach to peruse A

The ways Shakespeare presents the character of Viola in Act One Scenes Two and Four Essay Example For Students

The manners in which Shakespeare presents the character of Viola in Act One Scenes Two and Four Essay Viola makes her passage into the play in Scene 2, when she rises out of the ocean after a boat wreck. She is upset the first occasion when we meet her, as she has quite recently lost her twin sibling in the boat wreck. The way that she is so troubled should be underscored in the arranging of the play; I think a girly, helpless cry, just as practically crazy tears would be proper. This is the main time in the play where Viola is straightforwardly female and powerless and along these lines I feel that this should be underlined to the crowd. We will compose a custom paper on The manners in which Shakespeare presents the character of Viola in Act One Scenes Two and Four explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now One of the most intriguing inquiries I had about Viola was the reason she didn't return home after the boat wreck. It can't be that she needed more cash, as we probably am aware she does, For saying so theres gold. It additionally couldn't be that house is excessively far away, as Orsino had been referenced by her dad, I have heard my dad name him. I feel that the explanation Viola doesn't return home is on the grounds that there is nothing left for her there, as we probably am aware her dad has passed on, My dad had a mole upon his forehead. We can tell this from the utilization of the past tense. Her mom is additionally not referenced at all in the play, aside from in an interesting expression by Sebastian. Thusly I feel that Viola has no family left in where she lived previously, so she would have no compelling reason to return there. Another explanation I feel she would not have any desire to return to her nation of origin is that on the off chance that she was there she would need to grieve for her sibling in the manner Olivia needs to grieve for hers. Viola might not want to grieve for her sibling the way Olivia is; as it would not be for herself it would be for others. This along these lines shows the difference between the two womens methods of grieving. At the point when the chief reveals to Viola that Olivia has additionally lost her sibling, Viola in a split second observes an equal among them and needs to go serve her, O that I served that woman. This shows Violas instinctual to help other people and her characteristic desire to think about others. She needs to help Olivia get past what she is additionally experiencing. The commander reveals to Viola that quite possibly Sebastian, her sibling may have endure, I saw him hold colleague with the waves/So long as should have been obvious. I think the explanation he says this, regardless of whether it is fundamental valid or not, is on the grounds that he saw that Viola was prepared to hurl herself once again into the waves, as she was without her sibling. Anyway by saying this, the Captain is giving Viola some want to stick on to. Viola is happy to the point that she gives the chief some gold. I think the basic job of the chief in the play is to lift the spirits of Viola, so the play does proceed and she decides to live on. He is additionally there to make an equal between the relationship of Viola and the chief and Sebastian and Antonio. The chief and Viola are appeared to manage everything well, except like Antonio with Sebastian, the skipper will do anything for Viola. Just as demonstrating this through the words, Shakespeare additionally shows this through utilization of language, In Scene 2 the subject of for what reason does Viola cross dress is raised. For me there are numerous reasons why Viola does this. There are first the more handy reasons of as a man it is simpler to look for some kind of employment and there is the conspicuous bit of leeway of more opportunity. In any case, as Viola is simply the girl of somebody significant, and she herself is an aristocrat, she could go tell individuals who she truly is and be helped by them. In this manner I think Viola decides to be in camouflage so she can grieve alone and in her own particular manner. .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 , .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 .postImageUrl , .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 , .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989:hover , .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989:visited , .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989:active { border:0!important; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989:active , .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085 f09800453f99989 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud0f88dfcfc94b8085f09800453f99989:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare And His Theater EssayThere is likewise the factor that as she will be caught up with being a hireling and won't have the opportunity to harp on musings of her sibling. It seems as though she is attempting to make a place of refuge for herself to recuperate in. She is making herself undetectable to the remainder of the world till she is prepared to confront them as herself once more. By taking on the appearance of a man Viola is likewise basically turning out to be Sebastian, as she will seem as though him and when she glances in the mirror she will see him. It is a method of consolidating herself and her twin into one bo dy and letting him live on. I think it is significant that this piece of Scene two where she chooses to live as a man in Illyria is organized properly so it doesn't appear to be an over the top irregular idea for Viola to have. The manner in which I would do this is by having Sebastians trunk on the edge of the shore, as if it has floated in from the wreck. Along these lines it will look just as Viola has seen the storage compartment and just as getting recollections of Sebastian from it, she will likewise think about this thought of cross dressing to take care of business. It will likewise stress the way that when she is cross dressing she is attempting to let Sebastian live on in the outside of herself. In Scene 4 Viola shows up in the play separated from this time she is a man; Cesario. She is additionally with Orsino, whom she is currently a worker for. This is a significant change; not exclusively will she need to act suitably, however her ensemble ought to likewise practically demonstrate her to be a young lady spruced up to be a kid in the dress of the time, yet in addition so individuals would not realize she was a young lady. At the time Twelfth Night was first played out the individual playing Viola would have being a kid playing a young lady playing a kid. This would be maybe significantly additionally befuddling for the crowd and may have even made it harder to organize. I would dress Cesario in a basic ensemble like one that a worker in the Elizabethan occasions would wear. The explanation I figure it ought to be straightforward is that so it is practical; in numerous creations I have seen the outfit that Cesario is wearing is unreasonably extravagant for a kid and a hire ling. Another significant part of the arranging in this scene is the manner by which to organize the connection among Orsino and Cesario. The explanation this is so significant is a direct result of the sexual uncertainty in the connection among Orsino and Cesario. To show this sexual uncertainty I would make sexual strain in front of an audience by causing it to appear to be ungainly when they sit close to one another on a seat. This sexual uncertainty is appeared through the way that after just three days, as of now Orsino has revealed to Cesario about his adoration for Olivia in light of the fact that he has been so dazzled by him. The adoration between could be viewed as non-romantic or maybe even fatherly as Cesario is significantly more youthful than Orsino. Anyway for me the affection between them is a wonderful non-romantic love with a trace of homoerotic. The way that Orsino has disclosed to Cesario this shows Cesario motivates trust. We can likewise observe this from the way that Orsino trusts Cesario to go disclose to Olivia how he feels, yet this could likewise show Orsinos inaction. In Scene 4 Orsino asks Cesario to go disclose to Olivia how he feels for Olivia; sending delivery people, rather than going yourself was a conventional part of elegant love. I think Orsino has picked Cesario to carry out this responsibility on the grounds that in addition to the fact that he trusts him, yet he sees in Cesario himself in his childhood. Orsino may feel that Cesarios youth would be a decent depiction of him and may make Olivia partner Orsino with Cesarios youth. It is likewise fascinating to take note of how Viola responds to this proposition of Orsinos. She doesn't appear to sharp, I think not really, my master. Orsino can see the failings of Orsinos plan as of now; she is increasingly discerning and is giving her female instinct. .ufd663130ccd84c130bf51b524ebd01a7 , .ufd663130ccd84c130bf51b524ebd01a7 .postImageUrl , .ufd663130ccd84c130bf51b524ebd01a7 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd663130ccd84c130bf51b524ebd01a7 , .ufd6631

Go, ninja, go.

Go, ninja, go. UPDATE April 16, 2011 Five years ago I ran the Boston Marathon bandit and posted a mile-by-mile account in this blog entry. It was pretty exciting. My parents drove up from Harrisburg to watch me. My friends painted their chests to read GO SAM! I ran it with Mitra, my best friend from college and probably my best friend from MIT to this day. We got our picture on the front page of The Tech. It was kind of cathartic; I was a chunky kid in high school and standing at the finish line of the Boston Marathon looking up at my time made me feel like I was standing on the threshold of a new world of possibilities, like I could really achieve anything in the world, mental or physical, if I just put some time and training into it. In the past five years Ive done a lot of thinking, Ive done a lot more running, Ive read a lot of accounts from legitimate Boston runners, Ive run (and paid for) a few other marathons, and Ive come to the following conclusion: running the Boston Marathon bandit is a bad idea. Not only do bandit runners like me steal physical resources (water, road closure, medical facilities) paid for by the entry fees of legitimate runners, we also steal the prestige that those runners earn by training hard enough to qualify for Boston. Theres a reason that Boston is the most famous, most elite marathon in the world, and the only one that anyone runs bandityou have to qualify for it. You have to run really fast just to get into Boston. I feel kind of dumb now thinking that my moment of ultimate catharsis came standing under a clock that was displaying a time over an hour slower than the qualifying time. What I did wasnt impressive. Qualifying for the Boston Marathon and running it officiallythats im pressive. So, yo, Im talking to you, Greater Boston college student thinking about running bandit. Maybe you know some people who did it last year. Maybe your friends have promised to take the bus out to Wellesley to cheer you on. Maybe your parents promised to come up and watch you. Maybe youre thinking about training really hard. Maybe you have something to prove to yourself. Dont do it. If you want to run a marathontheres a nice one in Cape Cod. Take the Bolt Bus down to New York (not the Chinatown bus, that one might explode). I bet your hometown has a nice marathon for you to run, and then your parents wont have to make the trek all the way up to Boston. Youll still get in great shape, youll still feel great at the finish line, youll still have a lot of people cheering you on, and I promise that it will all be a lot more fun than wandering around the woods in Hopkinton at 6 AM trying to sneak by cops. If you absolutely, positively must high-five your 8.01 TA in Kenmore Square, there are a lot of charities for whom you can raise money to circumvent the qualifying time. Youre still not quite really running the Boston Marathon, but, hey, at least some money went to a good place. Ive thought about taking this entry down in the past, because now, five years later, I have a completely different outlook on everything that I talk about here. But, well, getting into running, doing some training, and running Boston bandit wasfor better or for worsekind of a defining experience of my time at MIT. So, anyway, take this for what it is: a snapshot in the life of a twenty-year-old student who didnt know much about the world, who was doing something that really made him excited when he was twenty, but who would come to think better of it by the time he was twenty-five. DID YOU KNOW? Ultramarathon runner Pam Reed of Tuscon, Arizona was the first person in history, of either gender, to run 300 miles without sleep. It took her almost 80 hours. But me? Well, I just ran one marathon. One more entry about it and then we can get back to my regularly scheduled blogging. Heres some pictures and a mile-by-mile recap of what was going on inside my head. Mile -20 Back at MIT, I have a delicious breakfast of three servings of steel-cut oatmeal (introduced to me by my personal hero Alton Brown) and an Odwalla Bar. Mmm, carbs. This was after an Italian dinner at Bertuccis the night before, which I began with an appetizer of 5 complimentary rolls. Mile 0 So, apparently they have people in army fatigues along the side of the road to deter bandits. After meeting up, quite fortuitously, with fellow bandit Kyle 08, who had considerable experience in banditry, we headed far enough down the road that there were no longer any armed guards, waited for the second wave of runners to come by, and hopped in somewhat arbitrarily around number 13,000. Oh my God, were running the Boston Marathon! said I, giddily. Mile 2 So, since it was 55 degrees outside, and since I had sent an e-mail for my floor asking for their support in Kenmore Square, I thought that it would be a good idea to wear my long-sleeve, heavy cotton, black, one-size-too-small floor shirt to the marathon. Its pretty cool! It says Conner 2 on the front and Varsity Apple Bake on the back. Note that I am emulating MITs mascot, Tim the Beaver, in the above photograph. anyway, around the beginning of Mile 2, I had stripped it off and tied it around my waste. A few minutes later, I chucked it into some lucky Hopkintonians yard. Mile 4 Mitra had the forethought to go to The Coop and buy a red MIT tank-top on Friday. So, the entire race people along the sidelines were yelling, Yeah, MIT! and I pretended that they were cheering for me too. Anyway, Mile 4 was the only time somebody yelled Yeah, shirtless guy! I was so happy that I jumped up into the air with my arms outstretched. Somebody else yelled, Yeah, Jumpy! And that was all the cheering that I would personally get for a while. Mile 5 This is about the first time we heard, Yeah, Mit! Pronounced as in baseball mitt. We never figured out whether its a Bostonian colloquialism or if somebody thought that this was really Mitras name. Mile 7 It was around here that I realized that there are really going to be people lined up the ENITRE ROUTE cheering you on. Okay, maybe its like that for every major marathon in the world but, seriously, this thing is huge! Non-stop yelling. Live rock bands playing Rush (heh)! Girls chanting the Michael Jackson classic Come on, dont stop now! Dont stop til you get enough! in unison! People hand out orange slices, ice pops, sponges, little popsicle sticks covered in vaseline (I was really disappointed to find out it was this, and not popsicles). If you ever feel down or lonely, just run over to the side of the road and get a high-five from one of the hundreds of people there. Thats what really made this such an awesome experience for mefeeling beloved by tens of thousands of people along a 26.2-mile stretch of road in Massachusetts. Because I am a famewhore. Mile 13 This is Wellesley. Now, Ive been to Wellesley once before, and its beautiful, but I didnt really know what to expect here. Basically, Wellesley is one giant scream for about a mile and a half. The entire population of the college, seemingly, comes out, pressed against the barriers in a crowd as dense as a neutron star, screaming for you in one cacophonic birdsong, and screaming extra-loud for your college shirt. About a third of them are carrying posters that offer you hugs, kisses, or other things in that vein. One even offered kisses specifically to gay runners, and I thought briefly about taking her up on the offer, but figured that she probably wanted to kiss gay girls instead. Mile 15 This is where I had lunchtwo bites of an Odwalla SuperProtein Bar, half a banana provided by friendly spectators, and gatorade. Sams Mom said that she would never take food from strange people along the Boston Marathon route, but I guess were really pretty diffrerent people anyway. Mile 17 So, this is where the hills start, and where I first uttered, Come on, Mitra, if we just get up this hill its downhill the rest of the way. Technically true, yes, but said hill lasted for about the next three miles. This is also where I hit the wall, so to speak. Id run 17 miles before without really breaking down or anything, so I was wondering what it would feel like. Basically, it felt like somebody threw a curtain over me, and then I felt like I was falling asleep, as I was running, and then I started crying. But only for a few seconds. I dont know, your mileage may vary. Mile 18 This is where the guy in the gorilla suit jumped in, and I said, Come on, Mitra, we cant let the gorilla beat us! Hes not even a biped! Because I had done a 20-page paper on the evolution of hominid bipedalism for AP Bio, and so I know such things. Mile 19 If memory serves me correctly, this is where they started handing out PowerGel or something like that. Whatever it was, it was basically a tube of frosting spiked with caffeine. I was impressed; they have about 10 different kiosks so you can choose your preferred flavor and dosage of caffeine (maximum). Well, I guess if you were a Mormon or something. Mile 21 So we just got over the so-called Heartbreak Hill, where Sams Mom and my dad were waiting from around 2 PM to the time we finished. Sams Mom didnt end up seeing us, but it is a big, busy, loud road, so its pretty much understandable. She does, however, claim that she took a picture of somebody who she thought looked like me, except that she didnt think I had a beard when she dropped me off. The only such picture that I could find on my camera was this one: however, Sams Mom is a pretty smart cookie, and I think she would also have enough sense to realize that I was probably not juggling for the entire marathon, like that guy was. Mile 23 This was the first Sam! I heard. My entourage in Kenmore Square had planted Maryann 06 and Russell about two miles upstream at Tufts to let them know we were coming. I ran over to the side of and said You guys are awesome! I love you! I get the impression thats how most people feel around Mile 23 of a marathon. Mile 25 Mitra said I. Lets take a break before Kenmore Square. I want to look happy if there are a lot of people there to see us. So, we walk for about a minute and a half, and then start on our (relative) sprint to the finish. And, well, I guess we looked okay, all things considered: Mile 25.5 The first person I saw was Javier 08, who was waiting at the front of the crowd to get a picture. Then I saw all the people Mitra invited. I pointed them out, so we could run over and give them all high-fives, since that side of the street was conspicuously empty. I turned around to yell You guys are awesome! then looked forward again to see all the people I invited. Bobby 05 ran alongside us for a little bit, but we lost track of him in the crowd. Anyway, his girlfriend Alicia 06 way outran him anyway. Then we saw people who I didnt even know were coming and told them they were awesome too. Then we saw one of Mitras TAs. Then, at the end of the Kenmore Square crowd: Gina 09, Ginas two siblings, who I never actually met either before or after the marathon, and Moria 06. Wow. Thanks, guys. Mile 26 And this is where JKuo yells Mitra! and jumps over the huge iron barrier separating the Hereford Street spectators from the runners, and then starts running in front of us, backwards, taking pictures. And thats how I got my new facebook picture: now, without sounding egotistical, I think that Mitra and I would usually would be able to run faster than a girl in a track suit carrying a backpack and a camera pack, taking pictures, running backwards. Maybe it was the other 26 miles of running, or maybe it was my desire to have this occasion photojournalized for all eternity, but whatever the cause, our slow, slow approach to the finish down Boylston Street was one of the most joyous occasions of my life, and one of the only times Ive ever cried tears of joy, or at least I would have, but I think my body had produced so much sweat that it didnt have any more tears left. And then I realized that 55 degrees was still pretty cold to be walking around in only track shorts, if youre not running a marathon or anything. So, I grabbed a free Subaru shirt from some promotional booth, and headed off into the Boston sunset as a seasoned marathoner and walking advertisement. Okay, guys. This time last year the only German word I knew was Schadenfreude, and I had never run more than 1.25 miles in my life, and that was only so I wouldnt fail gym and get an angry letter from Marilee Jones asking why I was failing classes . Now I just ran the most famous marathon in the world last weekend, and in just about a month Ill be leaving for a sweet internship with Bayer thanks to the efforts of the MISTI program. Im living dreams now that I didnt even think Id have when I got to college. You dont have to go to MIT to do that, but it couldnt hurt.

The Agreement And Living Together Contracts - 775 Words

Nonmarital Agreement Living Together Contracts Under Nonmarital agreements and simple â€Å"living together contracts they both function similarly to prenuptial agreements. The two are set up as business agreements which set forth how money, property and debt will be handled during and after the relationship. Living together contracts are more suitable for long-term relationships where a significant amount of money, property and debt are expected to accumulate. For example, the purchase of homes, combining financial assets, adopting children, etc. These type of agreements work well for couples opposed to marriage, but are typically left undone and these couples just go about their lives without implementing this contracts. This is unfortunate because although no one expects their relationship to end, this helps to equally divide up assets if it does happen. The Origins of Family Law The challenges faced under Family Law in the U.S. have changed through shifting legal definitions of family law terms and through changing dynamic of court procedures. Family law in the United States has much of its roots in European feudalism, which was introduced into England by William the Conqueror at the Norman Conquest of 1066, English common law, Catholic canonical law and, increasingly, which is a significant change, civil law. There are two types of law that derived from this time that is important to family law. Canonical law: a system of ecclesiastical law and regulations that is basedShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Balfour V Balfour ( 1919 )1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe starting point traditionally is for determining this intention is the use of different presumptions for both domestic and commercial agreements. 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David Hume And Renee Descartes s Theories Of Knowledge...

Philosophers David Hume and Renee Descartes have opposing views about the origination of ideas. Hume claims that all ideas are copies of impressions, which come from sensation. Descartes disagrees with this, arguing that in order to obtain knowledge, there must be a rational method for obtaining it, and that the senses are not a reliable source. This essay will present both philosopher’s arguments and compare and contrast each perspective regarding matters of knowledge and ideas. I will then argue how Hume’s philosophy is the more viable theory, and give you my reason’s as to why it is a stronger argument, in comparison to Descartes’ more rational take on the origin of ideas and knowledge. As an Empiricist, David Hume supports the theory†¦show more content†¦Because ideas are mere copies of the real thing, ideas are far more easily mistaken or confused, which is less likely with impressions, being the original experience its self. This would also mean there is no such thing as innate knowledge and babies are born with a blank slate, no one is born with any prior knowledge and knowledge is acquired and developed from sense experience over the years. Renee Descartes, as a Rationalist viewed knowledge as something that we achieve through reason. Descartes begins his theory of knowledge by assuming that nothing exists. By doing this he would have to trust nothing. Not his senses, not anything that he has thought. As a Rationalist he sought to eliminate all doubt and anything else that wasn t completely credible. Because he found that his senses were not one hundred percent reliable, as he found they sometimes deceived him, he did not trust them. Descartes believed that in order to obtain knowledge, there must be a rational method for obtaining it, and that the use of the senses, or any personal experience was not a reliable source. Finally, in Meditations on First Philosophy he concludes that he is a thinking thing: â€Å"I think, therefore I am†. He knows that this is true because he thinks, and to disprove that would require thinking and since heShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Beha viour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Mass Media and Younger Generation Free Essays

string(54) " sport can make a youth be identified with the sport\." Abstract Entertainment has a significant influence on the people. The effects of entertainment can both be positive and negative. This influence of the entertainment industry has grown tremendously over the years. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media and Younger Generation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The influence can be greatly attributed to the advancement of technology. Entertainment is mostly through the media which includes; the television, magazines, newspapers, radio, and internet, among others. The influence of entertainment on the younger generation affects the way that they dress, talk, and act. This is because the current generation and society depends on entertainment as a form of communication and information. The society, therefore, turns to entertainment for the daily activities like education, health care, traveling, work, and personal relationships. This paper is going to look at the effects of entertainment on the younger generation. In addition, it is going to look at how entertainment affects the young generation in terms of their acts, the way they dress, and talk. Introduction A nation like America is an example, of a country that has developed in terms of entertainment (Fisher 58). It is one of the countries that has got and has produced some of the greatest entertainers. The country is one of the leading producers of entertainment in the planet. In addition, it is one of the nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainment on the younger generation in America can be said to be both positive and negative. The influence is mostly on entertainment media such as television, radio, and the internet. The influence on the upcoming generation has affected their expression and vies on the culture of America. The influence is on how they talk, dress, and act on the society. This has been caused by the social media pressure that is sweeping through the country. These are the influences that entertainment has on the younger generation in the country. Entertainment The citizens of America depend on communication and information for their daily activities. These activities include; work, education, entertainment, traveling, personal relationships, and health care (Kearney and Crandall 89). The people use the newspapers or television to get news. They make phone calls, browse over the internet where possible to make decisions that re based on the information that they need and get. The decisions should be made depending on the values and beliefs that exist in the society. The younger generation, therefore, need to have facts and use experience when making certain decisions. The media are the place where most people get the latest and current facts and news on significant issues. Most of the younger generation, therefore, turns to the media which is a form of entertainment to get news and education. This in effect, has influence on the younger generation. The upcoming generation, gets influenced by the mass media and this in turn affects the way that they conduct themselves in the society. The influence works in several ways and can be caused also because of several reasons. This can be either positively, negatively, or even both. How the influence works The television is the common and most known form of entertainment that has got influence. The television exposes the upcoming generation to thousand of images. These images include; celebrities advertisement, violence, sex, among many others. The exposure to the younger generation is too high when considered in terms of years (Scott 9). The media should be responsible for the programs they air. They are the ones who should help in shaping the beliefs, values, and decisions that the upcoming generation makes. The companies that own the media are the ones who are in charge of entertainment movies, radio and television broadcasts. Moreover, they are the ones who authorize the programs, sports, and video entertainments. In addition, most of the companies that offer these services are also integrated in the wireless phones, telecommunications, music industry, electronic media, video game software, and more. Therefore, the companies should consider programs that nature cultural values and beliefs that do not have a negative influence on the upcoming generation. However, some companies have merged to shape the beliefs and opinions of the users. It is significant to consider what the younger generation is exposed to daily through the entertainment avenues. This calls for the other people in the society to be vigilant in protecting the values and beliefs of the country. They should look at the entertainment that is given from, different perspectives; as opposed to ho the media gives it. The advertisement done by the media is another exposure to the upcoming generation. Although, the media makes a lot of money from the advertisements, they have some negative influences to the younger generation. Many citizens are influenced, by the advertisements, and this makes them buy the things that they are told that are good. Decisions are made from the advertisements that the citizens are exposed to daily. This is based on what is seen on the newspapers, magazines, or television. The product is deemed to be the best and most people make decisions based on what the media is propagation. This creates influence as people tend to trust the media. The same applies to the younger generation that is exposed to this form of entertainment. The effect and influence on the upcoming generation makes them buy what they watch over the televisions. This is mostly influenced by what they consider being their celebrities’ favorites. The upcoming generation will buy what favorite celebrity has advertised and what they deem to be acceptable in the society. This is based on the fashion that the media has created and imposed on the minds. The influences can be at times positive or negative. A positive example can be a sport that is getting media attention. Many of the younger generation will want to be identified with that sport. The popularity in the society and among the friends for the sport can make a youth be identified with the sport. You read "Mass Media and Younger Generation" in category "Essay examples" This will make the upcoming generation start practicing for the sport with the idea that it is cool. The influence will turn out to be positive as the youth will become healthier from the exercise and have fun with friends. An example of a negative influence for the younger generation can be the use of cigars. This can be as a result of seeing a celebrity movie star using a cigar. In addition, the exposure to images with excessive violence, junk foods, and sex can influence the upcoming generations negatively. The upcoming generation is in a stage of life that needs some acceptance from the peers. They would like to feel loved and be successful in whatever they venture and try (White and Andsager 72). Therefore, the creation of the media of ideal images of beautiful women and handsome men as the real characteristics of successful people through television and movie influences the younger generation. This will make the upcoming generation want to look as the celebrity. They will copy the dressing styles so as to feel cool and successful like the images of the celebrities. The youth are, hence exposed to buying dresses and stuff that can make them look like the celebrities who are considered to be cool and successful. The influence of the entertainment industry has had an effect on the youth’s obesity and anorexia nature. Many upcoming generations in the country are fighting obesity. This is happening, while, they are exposed to most advertisements that carry junk food advertisements. The advertisements are there, yet, they give ideal images of successful people as wealthy and thin. The women are the ones who are mostly affected with this type of influence. They are so obsessed with loosing even in cases which they are not declared as obese. Many women are thin in the society as they want to resemble and look like the thin celebrities, and super models that they see in the images, in the entertainment industry. The women, are, therefore, engaged in disorder eating habits that mostly lead to severe issues of health and in worse cases even death. Effects of violence in media Watching a movie or television exposes the upcoming generation to images of many people hurting others and violence. This type of exposure can have some influence on the upcoming generation. A person can easily become disturbed because of such exposure. This normally happens to the children who are exposed to this type of entertainment more and more each passing day. As the children grow, they begin shaping their personalities. This includes both beliefs and values. A child who is exposed to this form of entertainment can become very aggressive. In addition, these children can lose their sense of fiction and reality on what they are exposed in the movies and television. There are incidents and scenarios that have been reported of children carrying guns to school. Such kind of incidences where the children also hurt others can be attributed to the influence of the entertainment. This affects the cultural values and beliefs of such children. The behaviors of this type are associated with children who are mostly exposed to the excessive use of war images and violent video games (Coleman 112). The media using real war as a form of entertainment also exposes the upcoming generation to negative influences. The children need to be educated and informed, on the good forms of entertainment, to be watched. In addition, they need to be informed that the video games do not have winners or losers just as in the real war. Entertainment impact on society and the upcoming generation is significant. In addition, the influence of entertainment on public opinion cannot be ignored. The entertainment forms can change the public opinion of the upcoming generation in different ways. This depends on the objective of the form of entertainment. Television as one of the greatest discoveries of all times has so much influence on the upcoming generation. Television can be used for many purposes. This depends on the choice of the individual that uses the device. This can be used for entertainment purposes, like; watching music or soap. The shows that they youths are exposed to when watching television have created so many controversies. This is because of the influence that they have on the younger generations (Petley and Barker 34). The television has both advantageous and adverse effects on the youth. This will depend on what the viewer sees. This explains why the entertainment shows that are aired are full of controversies. Most of the shows are just on dates and celebrities. These types of shows are what influences the future generation that includes the children and youth. Most of the influences unfortunately are not positive. Studies indicate that there is a trend that is coming up where most shows are just for publicity purposes. This makes the youth find themselves easily influenced to be part of the shows to feel cool. The shows that help in increasing learning processes on the youth receive little publicity. These are the shows that can help the youth to nature good moral values and beliefs (Desilet 109). The television promotes entertainment and education. However, it is an individual’s responsibility to derive what he wants from the shows. Most young people are corrupted in the minds by the entertainment forms that they see. The youth fall prey to the many of the misleading advertisements in place. They get confused by asking on the celebrities that are being advertised. Furthermore, they get manipulated in their thinking. This makes them think of violence and criminal things. The more the youth is exposed to the entertainments the more they get influenced to the message that they get. Their social and cultural behavior is affected by the entertainment. The children are exposed to the negative influence of entertainment as parents are not there to control them. Some parents work till late and when they get home they are too tired to help the children in activities. They get glued to the television plus their children. Upcoming generation feels confident and they do what they feel like. In addition, visual effects normally lasts long on a person and this can leave some adverse effects to such an exposed victim. The advancement of technology has made things worse. Most of the television stations relay their programs through the satellite. This has left the parents with no control on the programs watched, and, therefore, the children remain exposed to indecent entertainment forms. The youth has also taken advantage of the same. They use the entertainment field to get knowledge and information from the television. Most of the young generation normally watches programs that are mostly entertaining. No wonder, television is considered as a source of entertainment instead of a source of knowledge. This is the reason as to why television has to a great extent adversely affected the upcoming generation. Many youths have favorite celebrities that they look up to, as role models in their lives. This makes them to look for them in the movies or magazines. The reason behind this is to get the latest fashion trends or air styles. The youths look, on the magazines, to see what the celebrities have and the scope of the new trends that are considered hot. The entertainment industry is constantly changing perceptions of the youth. This changes the perception of who they are and what they think of themselves. In addition, the entertainment industry is what can be attributed to the changing trends in cultural ways. Most people look at the celebrities and entirely change their own ideals and views so as to mach what is considered to be perfection. The youth wants to be associated with money, ideal cars, and careers. The simple things in life are becoming less appreciated. This happens as people tend to look up for those with more wealth. They compare their lives with such people. The youth wants something bigger and something more. This is what makes entertainment have a constant impact on the societal trends. It is the aspects of the entertainment industry that makes the youth know how much they are rich and how famous they need to be in life. The constant advertisements, magazine covers, and other entertainment forms are what overwhelm the society. Moreover, the entertainment industry is what is responsible for most of the upcoming generations changing trends and perceptions on culture and the way of life. The shows that are aired make the youth look at their own lives. This makes them feel the need to do something different. Divorce is also becoming common in the society. The trend is mostly seen in celebrity couples. Cases of the celebs getting divorced are there every day. This has made it like a routine to those who are also in the media industry. The divorce cases are publicized in the media as something normal and good in the society. This has made the youth look at divorce as something that is insignificant. The society has also not carried any negativity on divorce of late. People run to marriages instead of dating. This whole situation has been created by the celebs. The celebrity couples have made divorce a trend. Moreover, the celebs have made the meaning of divorce be of less meaning and look like normal in the society. This trend has caused the youth to follow suit. The entertainment industry can be said to be the reason behind the change of perception and trend of divorce. The youth has been influenced, by the entertainment industry, to do cosmetic surgery. The trend has already swept through the society and is common with people who want to look like celebs or be more beautiful. There are shows in the television programs like DR. 20210 that have made plastic surgery be the in thing (Durham 120). The shows make the youth want to look like the celebrities. They do this by trying to transform them to look like celebrities. They give them the different cosmetic and plastic surgery procedures that exist. The message passed is that a person in his own identity is not handsome and good. The tren d encourages the youth to try plastic surgery in order to have perfect bodies. Therefore, the reason of not having a perfect look is not there as there is the option of cosmetic surgery. This has made the celebrities, to, also, have plastic surgeries to enhance their appearance. This is done with the belief that it will help in carriers, but, the youth just emulate the trend for the sake of it. The trend has made many youth to lack self fulfillment as they feel they are not good looking or good enough. Conclusion The entertainment industry has both positive and negative influence on the youth, but, it is not entirely bad. The negative effects and influences that the industry has, on the upcoming generation need, to be changed and recognized. This can help the youth so that their minds are not that clouded with the celebrity perfection ideas. The youth need to be educated and informed on the need for self confidence and self fulfillment as they are fundamental to true happiness in life. These traits are hard to attain for the youth because of entertainment and media industry. The industries are constantly showing and sending messages to viewers on the definition of perfection. This makes it hard for many of the youths to be contented and happy with their personalities and looks. The youth should stop to look for celebrities, movies, and television shows, for ideal and perfect life. The obsession created by the entertainment industry influences the youth’s way of life. They change the way they dress, walk, and even act. The entertainment industry will continue to have effects and influences on youth and societal trends. The influences should be worked on, to make them have positive effects on society and society as a whole. This can involve the transformation of the celebrities, actors, and models in the entertainment industry. The effect can be huge and tremendous on the upcoming generation and society. The changing trends in societal beliefs and values can be influenced to be positive ones on the youth. Things can be better when the effects of the entertainment industry lean more towards the positive influences than the negative influences on the youth. This can be done knowing very well that America is one of the leading producers of entertainment and as such it is a significant component in influencing the behavior of the younger generation. The entertainment industry has influences on the upcoming generation views and expression of culture. This is depicted by the way that they talk, dress, and act on society through social media pressure in the country. You can get a custom research paper[-0] on this topic at EssayLib. com. Feel free to buy your paper written from scratch! Â ·Tags: entertainment research paper[-1], essay on entertainment[-2], research paper on social media[-3], social media essay[-4] Comments are closed. [-0] – http://www. essaylib. com/research-paper. php [-1] – http://www. essaylib. com/blog/tag/entertainment-research-paper [-2] – http://www. essaylib. com/blog/tag/essay-on-entertainment [-3] – http://www. essaylib. com/blog/tag/research-paper-on-social-media [-4] – http://www. essaylib. com/blog/tag/social-media-essay How to cite Mass Media and Younger Generation, Essay examples

Professional Accounting Ecological Management and Restoration

Question: Discuss about the Professional Accounting for Ecological Management and Restoration. Answer: Consideration and Enforceable Agreement According to the Australian Contract Law consideration is a price that exists between promisor and promisee to enforce a promise between them. In certain cases, payment of consideration is not essential to bind a contract but as per the requirements of common law, it is important to provide considerations for enforceable agreement (Restubog et al. 2015). Further, Enforceable agreement is analyzed by the rules of offer and acceptance between the parties. In order to bind a contract it is important to set out the terms and conditions of the contract with the knowledge of the acceptance party as well as there must be communication between the two parties. The important elements of enforceable agreement are consideration, contractual capacity, intention and certainty (Broadhurst et al. 2015). In the given case, Jane is travelling overseas and offers to give her Lotus Super 7 sports car to Jack. The prevailing market value of this sports car in good condition is approximately $25,000. Jack accepted the offer but the payment or communication of consideration is not clear in the present case. As per the regulations and provisions of contract law an agreement is enforceable if there are rules of offer and acceptance as well as communication. Another important element of the enforceable agreement is consideration which may or may not be in monetary terms. However, there has to be some exchange of offer between the parties to enforce a promise for undertaking a particular act (Scollo et al. 2015). In the present case, the information about the consideration between Jane and Jack is not clear but the communication of offer and acceptance is clear between the parties. Further, the information about the market price of the car provided in the question cannot be regarded as the price of consideration. Hence, in the first case, consideration of the exchange is not present between the parties. Moreover, the agreement is enforceable between Jane and Jack since there exist proper communication and promise of offer and acceptance. In the second case, Jane offers a transaction for sale of her Lotus Super 7 sports car to Jack for a value of $25,000. The market value of the same type of car in good condition is also $25,000. Jack provides the acceptance of the offer for the sale transaction. In this case, consideration in a contract is present as a value of exchange in a promise among the parties. As the element of consideration is an essential factor to have an enforceable agreement of offer and acceptance, it is not necessary to have a monetary consideration. However, in the present case offer made my Jane for the sale of car for $25,000 has been accepted by Jack is a valid agreement. Therefore, it can be said that the consideration is present in the second situation. Additionally, for the purpose of enforceable agreement there are significant elements that should be present between the parties. First element is the rule of offer and acceptance and communication between the parties, which may be oral as well as written. In the given situation both the rules of first element are present between the parties Jane and Jack. The offer and acceptance element and an oral communication for the transaction of sale of car is also present. The second element of an enforceable agreement is consideration i.e. value of exchange for promise between promisor and promisee. In the given case, consideration of $25,000 is accepted by the promise, Jack for the agreement of sale of spots car as an exchange of promise by the promisor, Jane. Another significant element of a legally binding agreement is a capacity to enter the contract. Parties to the contract need to have the ability to enter the contract because minors, unstable or mentally challenged parties may not ha ve the adequate capacity to enter the legally enforceable contract. Other important elements of a valid contract are intention of parties to enter the contract as well as there must be certainty to complete and indentify the rights and commitment to enforce the agreement. In the last situation Jane offered the sale of her Lotus Super 7 sports car to Jack for a consideration of $2500 whereas the market value of the same in good condition is $25,000. The terms of contract were communicated and Accepted by Jack. As per the provisions of Australian Contract Act, consideration is a significant element of a valid and enforceable agreement which is an exchange value that is paid or agreed to be paid between the parties. According to the common law, a promise between the parties is enforceable if it is supported by consideration or a value of exchange. However, consideration can be in terms of money, kind or even a promise to pursue the act (Swaminathan 2016). As per the law of Australia, a consideration is giving something in return for an act or promise you received which can either be single or a joint. In case of joint promises or joint contract, consideration might flow from one of the receiver party. It means if the agreement or contract is made between the parties where one is promisor and other two parties are promisee then the consideration might flow from one promisee on behalf of the other one. Further, the law of contract does not state the mode of consideration as well as the value of consideration. For example the prevailing market price for a product that is exchanged between the parties might be different from that of actual price considered, but that difference in price falls under the criteria of consideration (Martin 2016). Similarly, in the given case, consideration of the contract for sale of sports car was agreed at $2500, which was less than the prevailing market price. However, the contracted amount is considered as consideration under the Australian Contract Act because there is a flow of promise from the promisee, Jack to the promisor, Jane in lieu of the transfer of sports car. Further, an enforceable contract is required to have some other elements other than the consideration. One of the important elements for a valid agreement is capacity to offer and accept the contract with the terms and conditions. The law of contract act states that the parties to the agreement must have the ability to implement the promise. Parties involving minors, unsound mind, mentally challenged are not eligible to enter the contract. If there is a lack of capacity or ability to make or keep the promise, then the agreement would turn void (Chih et al. 2016). Another element of a valid contract is intention of the parties to enter the contract. There must be intention to form legal bonding between the promisor and promisee to validate an agreement. This element has been considered to differentiate the agreement in commercial and social contracts. An agreement without the intention cannot be regarded as an enforceable agreement between the promisor and promisee under the provisions of Australian Contract Act (Broadhurst et al. 2015). Moreover, a valid contract should also have the elements of formalities and certainty among the parties. Although it is not mandatory to have a written contract to make it validate, a contract entered orally is also valid provided there are formalities and certainty in the contract entered. However in certain types of agreement, written documents are necessary to legally bind the agreement like agreements of marine insurance, fire insurance or any other critical and commercial contracts. Apart from that, there must be certainty to validate an agreement between the parties. Sometimes the contract may be vague or indefinite for several reasons, then such contracts are called as uncertain agreement and cannot be enforced as an agreement by the court (Martin 2016). In the given situation, the agreement between Jane and Jack incorporates all the elements of a valid contract as per the contract law of Australia. Therefore, it can be said that Jack has an enforceable agreement for the transfer of sports car from Jane at $2500. As per the provisions of Australian Contract Act, a contract is legally enforceable if it has the rules of propose and acceptance along with the terms and conditions. A propose in the contract indicates the willingness to bind the act with the other party as receiver in terms of specified conditions. On the other hand, acceptance is a willingness to agree with the terms and conditions of the offering party. Another significant element of a legal contract is consideration which should be paid or agreed to be paid by the receiver in exchange of deliver the contracted service. It may be monetary or non- monetary but it is essential to have a certain consideration for a valid contract (Chih et al. 2016). On the other hand, in case of commercial contracts it is important to have written documents to set out the terms and conditions of the legal contract. Such terms and conditions may include the nature of the service, names of the parties involved, price and consideration for delivering the contracted service and tenure of service. However, it is essential to include other terms in the contract with respect to any escalations, fluctuations in currency exchange in case the contract covers overseas transaction or any other possible fluctuations. Although these factors are not certain and cannot be evaluated with certain amount but can be analyzed with necessary speculations and provisions for certain percentage. It is important to forecast and incorporate the uncertain speculations in order to hedge the expected loss from currency fluctuations or any other reasons (Martin 2016). In the given situation, a legal contract entered between a shipbuilder and North Ocean Tankers for building a tanker by the shipbuilder. The contract agreed for considerations to be paid in US dollars but the same did not have any provisions on gain or loss from fluctuations of currency. Further, the currency of United States being devalued its currency exchange by 10% and as a result shipbuilder encountered currency loss. Accordingly he demanded further payment of US$ 3 million which was paid by the buyer reluctantly. However, the buyer did not attempt to recover the excess payment for around nine- months. The above case is a situation arising from the absence of escalation clauses as terms and conditions of an enforceable agreement. There was no provision for the recovery of losses due to currency fluctuations. However, the builder forcefully recovered the losses incurred by him which is a cause of undue influence on the contractee, North Ocean Tankers. As per the Contract Law of Australia it is an illegal act that may void the contract and parties to the contract depending on the actions by the parties (Restubog et al. 2015). Further, the provisions of the contract law of Australia states that a party who suffers the loss or damage from the agreed contract is eligible to recover such losses incurred by the party. In addition, the parties to the contract are required to present the intention and capability to enter the agreement with all the necessary terms and conditions. If the enforceable contract covers overseas transactions then it is essential to incorporate the provisions for currency fluctuations (Swaminathan 2016). The escalations may be based on the prevailing market rates, trends and economic conditions of the contracted countries. In the given situation both the parties, shipbuilder and North Ocean Tankers did not consider the provision for currency fluctuations and consequently the buyer had to bear the extra payment of $3 million. However, the provisions of the contract law specify the conditions to recover the excess payment if the same has not been occurred as per the terms and conditions of the contract. In the given situation, the buyer did not commence any action on recovering the excess payment for nine months from the date of delivery. In such circumstance, the Australian Contract Act states that the parties to the contract if suffers any losses due to absence of such provisions in the agreement, then such party can claim to recover within six months from the date of completion or delivery of contracted service, whichever is earlier (Restubog et al. 2015). Since, the buyer did not take action to recover his extra payment for nine months from the date of delivery, the buyer will not succeed in recovering the extra payment made to the seller. However, the buyer can approach to the higher authority for recovering the excess payment due to absence of provision on currency fluctuations providing the valid reasons for not taking actions till the specified time. Apart from that, the buyer has to present necessary documents and reasoning for entering a contract without incorporating specified provisions of Contract Act. As, a validate contract or agreement is required to be entered between the parties in lieu of consideration, capability, intention and formalities, a contract entered with partial terms is not valid in some cases. Hence, to make such contract valid and legal it is essential to revise the agreed terms and conditions between the parties (Restubog et al. 2015). In other words, the contract between the shipbuilder and North Ocean Tankers could be revised on acceptance of the change in provisions for the currency fluctuations gain or losses. An enforceable agreement should contain offer and acceptance of considerations, tenure of providing services, mode of providing services and other necessary fluctuations. In the given situation the contract between shipbuilder and North Ocean Tankers did not contain complete provisions of the agreement with respect to the foreign currency fluctuations and mode of recovering any such losses. Therefore, the contention of seller in recovering the devalue d loss in US currency is not valid and the buyer is eligible and will succeed in recovering the excess payment. Reference List Broadhurst, L., Driver, M., Guja, L., North, T., Vanzella, B., Fifield, G., Bruce, S., Taylor, D. and Bush, D., 2015. 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